AC charging means the EV is supplied with alternating current. The vehicle’s onboard AC charger converts AC to DC first. Depending on the onboard charger, AC charging power can vary.

AC charge points are typically used at home or semi-public locations, usually via wallboxes.

The battery management system is the “brain” of a high-voltage battery. It monitors cell status while driving and charging.

A smart BMS communicates with the wallbox or charge point to enable gentler charging and automate charging control. It monitors cell temperature and prevents deep discharge or overcharging.

Fully electric vehicle without an internal combustion engine. Relevance for home charging: predictable charging sessions, often overnight.

Legal framework for measuring devices. Private home installations face different requirements than public charging. Align details with tax/legal advisors.

Related: MID meter

The car policy section that governs home charging: technical requirements, flat-rate vs. kWh-accurate, documentation, and wallbox ownership.

The charge point operator is responsible for the technical upkeep, power supply, and access to the charging infrastructure they provide. Authentication and payment at a charge point usually run via a Mobility Service Provider (MSP, i.e., roaming provider). A CPO can also be an MSP.

Defines whether private use is allowed. Relevance: if no private use is permitted, home charging needs are often lower.

DC charging supplies direct current directly to the battery. The rectifier sits in the charge point. These “fast chargers” enable high charging power. Uncommon for private homes due to cost and complexity.

Relevant per-kWh unit price including proportionate base fee. Define in policy which price to use.

Does the wallbox belong to the company or the person? Define this clearly in policy, including removal and cost coverage.

Monthly fixed amount based on defined assumptions such as driving profile and electricity price. Align tax treatment with advisors.

Alternative: kWh-accurate

AC and DC public charge points must bill under strict calibration-law requirements (Directive 2014/94/EU on alternative fuels infrastructure). This applies to publicly accessible locations such as company sites, hotels, restaurants, or homeowners’ associations.

The meters used for billing must be gauged. MID (Measurement Instruments Directive) is a European directive for meters. MID-compliant meters do not require separate gauging before commissioning.

A low-power fallback. For regular charging, a wallbox is recommended.

Process and tools to digitally capture, verify, and reimburse home-charging costs.

Smart charge points include communications to control charging (controlled charging) and/or monitor it (billing, etc.). They can integrate with smart-home systems, PV, or billing services. Common interfaces: GSM, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and serial ports such as RS485.

IP denotes “Ingress Protection,” indicating environmental conditions a unit can withstand. Most wallboxes are outdoor-rated. The two IP digits show protection against foreign objects/touch (first digit) and water ingress (second digit).

Reimbursement based on measured kWh and electricity price. Requires a reliable meter (MID sub-meter or smart meter) and solid documentation.